Edgar Adrian was a well known British electrophysiologist who developed a great work on the function of neurons for which he received a Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1932 along with Sir Charles Sherrington.

Baron Edgar Adrian studied muscles and nerve cells, first performing crude measurements of nerve impulses by using valve amplifiers, and later devising more accurate instrumentation for such assessments. He accidentally proved the presence of electricity within nerve cells, after attaching electrodes to a toad's optic nerves and then noting increased impulse activity every time he happened to step across the animal's field of vision. He measured the brain impulses of goldfish and water beetles, and showed how Hans Berger's alpha rhythms (the recurring disturbances caused when electrodes were applied to the head of a conscious subject) were applicable to epilepsy. He was the first to isolate reactions from a single nerve fiber, investigated the motor cortex, cerebellum, nerve gases, and vestibular receptors.

Adrian was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1932, shared with Sir Charles Sherrington. Among numerous other honors, he was granted peerage as a baron by Queen Elizabeth II, served as a member of the House of Lords, was a trustee for the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, and a board member at the World Health Organization.

His wife, Hester Agnes Pinsent, was a direct descendant of philosopher David Hume. Their son Richard married geographer Lucy Caroe, granddaughter of Sir William Bragg, and their daughter Anne married physiologist Richard Keynes, nephew of economist John Maynard Keynes and great-grandson of Charles Darwin. David Hume Pinsent, the brother of Adrian's wife, was a close friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein, who dedicated his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to him, and Pinsent's diaries were published as A Portrait of Wittgenstein as a Young Man