Geneticist and biochemist Jack W. Szostak was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his investigations into telomeres, the specialized DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes. The award and $1.4M prize was shared with Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider. Working with Andrew Murray in 1983, Szostak developed the first artificial chromosome, and his more recent work has shown that yeast that cannot perform the ordinary telomerase reaction suffer damage to the telomeres and chromosomes over multiple generations. He has also studied the role of RNA as an enzyme in biochemical reactions, and the origin of life on the early earth.

Szostak grew up in Montreal and Ottawa. Although Szostak does not speak Polish, he stated in an interview with Wprost weekly that he remembers his Polish roots. He attended Riverdale High School (Quebec) and graduated at the age of 15 with the scholars prize. He graduated with a B.Sc in cell biology from McGill University at the age of 19. In 1970, as an undergraduate, he participated in The Jackson Laboratory's Summer Student Program under the mentorship of Dr. Chen K. Chai. He completed his PhD in biochemistry at Cornell University (advisor Prof. Ray Wu) before moving to Harvard Medical School to start his own lab at the Sydney Farber Cancer Institute. He credits Ruth Sager for giving him his job there when he had little yet to show. In 1984 Howard Goodman lured him away to Massachusetts General Hospital and the Department of Molecular Biology. He was granted tenure and a full professorship at Harvard Medical School in 1988.

Szostak has made contributions to the field of genetics. He is credited with the construction of the world's first yeast artificial chromosome. That achievement helped scientists to map the location of genes in mammals and to develop techniques for manipulating genes. His achievements in this area are also instrumental to the Human Genome Project